Eventos cardiovasculares tempranos y tardíos en pacientes ingresados por neumonía adquirida en la comunidad / Early and Late Cardiovascular Events in Patients Hospitalized for Community-Acquired Pneumonia

INTRODUCCIÓN: La neumonía adquirida en la comunidad se asocia al desarrollo de eventos cardiovasculares (ECV). El objetivo del estudio fue analizar los factores relativos al huésped, la gravedad y la etiología que se asocian con la aparición de estos eventos, tempranos y tardíos, y su impacto en la mortalidad. MÉTODO: Estudio prospectivo de cohortes multicéntrico en pacientes ingresados por neumonía. Se recogieron ECV durante el ingreso, a los 30 días (tempranos) y al año (tardíos) y la mortalidad. RESULTADOS: Doscientos dos de 1.967 (10,42%) pacientes presentaron ECV tempranos y 122 (6,64%) tardíos. El 16% de la mortalidad al año se atribuyó a complicaciones cardiovasculares. Los factores del huésped relacionados con complicaciones cardiovasculares fueron: edad ≥ 65 años, abuso de alcohol, tabaquismo y cardiopatía crónica en los tempranos y obesidad, HTA e insuficiencia renal crónica en los tardíos. La presencia de sepsis grave y Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) ≥ 3 fueron factores de riesgo independiente de eventos tempranos y, únicamente, el PSI ≥ 3 de los tardíos. Streptococcus pneumoniae fue el microorganismo con mayor riesgo de complicaciones cardiovasculares. Desarrollar un ECV fue factor independiente de mortalidad temprana (OR 2,37) y tardía (OR 4,05). CONCLUSIONES: La edad, el tabaquismo, la cardiopatía, la gravedad inicial y el S. pneumoniae son factores de riesgo de presentar ECV tempranos y tardíos, lo que conlleva mayor mortalidad durante y tras el episodio agudo de neumonía. Conocer estos factores puede ser de utilidad para desarrollar estrategias activas de diagnóstico precoz de eventos y/o diseñar ensayos dirigidos a reducir las complicaciones cardiovasculares

INTRODUCTION: Community-acquired pneumonia increases the risk of cardiovascular events (CVE). The objective of this study was to analyze host, severity, and etiology factors associated with the appearance of early and late events and their impact on mortality. METHOD: Prospective multicenter cohort study in patients hospitalized for pneumonia. CVE and mortality rates were collected at admission, 30-day follow-up (early events), and one-year follow-up (late events). RESULTS: In total, 202 of 1,967 (10.42%) patients presented early CVE and 122 (6.64%) late events; 16% of 1-year mortality was attributed to cardiovascular disease. The host risk factors related to cardiovascular complications were: age ≥ 65 years, smoking, and chronic heart disease. Alcohol abuse was a risk factor for early events, whereas obesity, hypertension, and chronic renal failure were related to late events. Severe sepsis and Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) ≥ 3 were independent risk factors for early events, and only PSI ≥ 3 for late events. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the microorganism associated with most cardiovascular complications. Developing CVE was an independent factor related to early (OR 2.37) and late mortality (OR 4.05). CONCLUSIONS: Age, smoking, chronic heart disease, initial severity, and S. pneumoniae infection are risk factors for early and late events, complications that have been related with an increase of the mortality risk during and after the pneumonia episode. Awareness of these factors can help us make active and early diagnoses of CVE in hospitalized CAP patients and design future interventional studies to reduce cardiovascular risk

Early and Late Cardiovascular Events in Patients Hospitalized for Community-Acquired Pneumonia. / Eventos cardiovasculares tempranos y tardíos en pacientes ingresados por neumonía adquirida en la comunidad.

INTRODUCTION: Community-acquired pneumonia increases the risk of cardiovascular events (CVE). The objective of this study was to analyze host, severity, and etiology factors associated with the appearance of early and late events and their impact on mortality. METHOD: Prospective multicenter cohort study in patients hospitalized for pneumonia. CVE and mortality rates were collected at admission, 30-day follow-up (early events), and one-year follow-up (late events). RESULTS: In total, 202 of 1,967 (10.42%) patients presented early CVE and 122 (6.64%) late events; 16% of 1-year mortality was attributed to cardiovascular disease. The host risk factors related to cardiovascular complications were: age ≥65 years, smoking, and chronic heart disease. Alcohol abuse was a risk factor for early events, whereas obesity, hypertension, and chronic renal failure were related to late events. Severe sepsis and Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) ≥3 were independent risk factors for early events, and only PSI ≥3 for late events. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the microorganism associated with most cardiovascular complications. Developing CVE was an independent factor related to early (OR 2.37) and late mortality (OR 4.05). CONCLUSIONS: Age, smoking, chronic heart disease, initial severity, and S. pneumoniae infection are risk factors for early and late events, complications that have been related with an increase of the mortality risk during and after the pneumonia episode. Awareness of these factors can help us make active and early diagnoses of CVE in hospitalized CAP patients and design future interventional studies to reduce cardiovascular risk.